![]() ![]() This change was intended to instill a sense of France respect for African traditions. As a result, new urban buildings in Morocco and Tunis were covered using the L’arabe or Arabisance 9. This style combined local North African designs and French architecture. Lotus noted that Franco-Islamic architecture grew in this period. The colonizers did this by halting the demolition of old buildings, and in its place, new methods of buildings emerged. During that era, the French took into account local and traditional norms and integrated them into urban and architectural designs. The French later shifted from the use of the military to psychological action in the 20 th century. The buildings were more elegant, clean, and ordered. The urban schemes and architectural displays contributed to the new construction methods in Morocco and Algiers. French preferred the orthogonal grids referred to as quadrillage, a French term that indicates control commonly by military or police. The aim was to mark the cities of Algiers and Casablanca as French territories by displaying sufficient architectural design that would also convince the conquered of the power of the conqueror 8. The buildings emphasized the aesthetic appeal and urban layout. For instance, the buildings had to incorporate decorative features on façade and regulations setting of balconies 7. The newly constructed buildings followed a western style, which advocated for certain features. The French also embarked on changing Algiers’ architectural design by destroying the traditional houses built in Kasbah. Such changes facilitated effective administration and control of colonies. An example is how the French paratroopers suppressed General Jacques during the battle of Algiers in 1956-1957. Assigning street names and house numbers proved crucial to the colonial masters because they would use the precise information to easily identify areas where insurgents were hiding during the struggle for colonization. ![]() The colonizers changed the city planning by assigning house numbers and street names, which were highly symbolic of the French domination and form of control. For instance, in 1830, the French invaded the Kasbah, Algiers, and replaced the Haussmannian urbanism with colonial administrative buildings 6. The Europeans used their architectural designs to reshape the living spaces they occupied because they considered them modern. ![]() The houses constructed by Europeans replicated those found in Europe, and their features were found in most buildings in Sydney in the colonial era.Ĭolonialism focused on the conquest of societies, and architecture was a significant symbolical way of demonstrating this success. These buildings were not considered permanent by Europeans, so they decided to impose their architectural forms in the region. In contrast, the Australian inhabitants relied on architectural designs that supported their cultural beliefs, such as minimal materials. In response, the European settlers built houses with enclosing walls of corrugated iron sheets and high ceiling heights that were effective in creating cool structures 5. However, these settlers were exposed to higher levels of sunlight, and they began experiencing sunburn, dehydration, and heat exhaustion linked to the Australian heat and sunlight. The northern hemisphere, where most European soldiers and explorers came from, had significantly low sunlight levels. According to Keys, the Australian settlers prioritized shade over sunlight 4. An example of architectural imperialism or influence from the westerners was witnessed in Australia in the early 1700s. In this paper’s context, the European colonizers imposed standardized housing using modern architectures of the time in new lands. Therefore, the foreign powers applied a mix of adaptive strategies that focused on the gradual move between local and imported architectures and informal imperialism where control was established through peaceful means. The changes made by British and French colonies were often disguised using paternalistic exportation to foster the development of the natives. ![]() Applying the colonial binarism views, the colonizers believed it was their duty to enlighten the colonized individuals considered uncivilized 3. It involved control, appropriation, authority, and cultural manifestation of the invaded territories. The first term is colonialism, defined as how the European powers reached political, military, economic, and cultural domination in most Latin America, Asia, and Africa 2. To understand the concepts explored in the paper, it is essential, to begin with, several definitions. ![]()
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